{"id":12788,"date":"2026-09-16T20:35:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T00:35:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/?page_id=12788"},"modified":"2026-09-16T21:32:50","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T01:32:50","slug":"anti-fed-federalism2026","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/amdm2026\/week05-washington\/anti-fed-federalism2026\/","title":{"rendered":"September 17: Anti-Federalism &amp; Federalism"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Plan for the Day<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><strong>Anti-Federalist &amp; Federalist Introduction<\/strong>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/civdocs.us\/the-anti-federalist\/anti-federalist-no.-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anti-Federalist&#8211;General Introduction: A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to The &#8220;Aristocratick Combination.&#8221;<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/federalist-papers\/text-1-10#s-lg-box-wrapper-25493264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Hamilton, Alexander. Federalist #1<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Democracy\/Liberty\/Freedom\/ETC. quotation:\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>\u201cI hope they pardoned them.<b>*<\/b> <strong><span style=\"background-color: yellow\">The spirit of resistance to government is so valuable on certain occasions<\/span><\/strong>, that I wish it to be always kept alive. It will often be exercised when wrong, but better so than not to be exercised at all. I like a little rebellion now and then. It is like a storm in the Atmosphere.\u201d \u2014Thomas Jefferson. <b><a href=\"https:\/\/founders.archives.gov\/documents\/Adams\/04-07-02-0187\">\u201cLetter to Abigail Adams.\u201d<\/a><\/b>22 Feb 1787. Response from Abigail Adams. <b><a href=\"https:\/\/founders.archives.gov\/documents\/Adams\/04-07-02-0181\">\u201cLetter to Thomas Jefferson.\u201d<\/a><\/b> 29 Jan 1787.<b>*<\/b>\u201cThem\u201d being <b><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Job_Shattuck\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Job Shattuck<\/a><\/b>, Oliver Parker, and Benjamin Page\u2014key insurgents in the farmers\u2019 uprising against debt collection know as <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mountvernon.org\/library\/digitalhistory\/digital-encyclopedia\/article\/shays-rebellion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shays\u2019 Rebellion<\/a><\/b>, which was a major impetus for George Washington and others to push for a new government because the <b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.archives.gov\/milestone-documents\/articles-of-confederation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Articles of Confederation<\/a><\/b> weren\u2019t effective for the early Republic.<\/li>\r\n<li>Compare this to Jefferson&#8217;s more famous quotation:\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>&#8220;The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is it\u2019s natural manure. Our Convention has been too much impressed by the insurrection of Massachusets:<strong>**<\/strong> and in the spur of the moment they are setting up a kite to keep the hen yard in order.&#8221; \u2014Thomas Jefferson. \u201cLetter to William Stephens Smith.\u201d 13 Nov 1787. <strong>**<\/strong>That&#8217;s just a tough word to spell&#8230;<em>Massachusetts<\/em>. Also, Jefferson refers again to Shays&#8217; Rebellion.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item \/-->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item \/-->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item \/--><!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading -->\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Anti-Federalist Fun<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>This article &#8220;Anti-Federalist&#8211;General Introduction: A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to The &#8220;Aristocratick Combination'&#8221; isn&#8217;t the first Anti-Federalist &#8220;paper,&#8221; but it&#8217;s more appropriate for our class as a summary of those against the Constitution in the non-Bill of Rights draft. If you want to read <a href=\"https:\/\/billofrightsinstitute.org\/e-lessons\/anti-federalist-papers-brutus-no-1-elesson\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>the very first Anti-Federalist essay<\/strong><\/a>, be my guest.<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list -->\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\r\n<li>Written by the pseudonymous <em>A Federalist<\/em> (I love the sarcasm).\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><em>The Boston Gazette and Country Journal<\/em>, 26 Nov 1787<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>The Anti-Federalists weren&#8217;t a unified front like the Federalists<\/li>\r\n<li>They weren&#8217;t completely against a new Constitution<\/li>\r\n<li>Wanted public scrutiny and a long time to review<\/li>\r\n<li>Ultimately, moved to have the Bill of Rights included<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item --><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item --><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item --><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:list-item --><!-- \/wp:list-item --><!-- \/wp:list -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>Key Quotation: A Call for Delegates to Ratify the Constitutional<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Doesn&#8217;t trust lawyers<\/li>\r\n<li>Believes unscrupulous, greedy people will flood a federal government<\/li>\r\n<li>Thinks the aristocracy will benefit<\/li>\r\n<li>Wants to have Patriots in the State Legislature to vote<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:quote -->\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->This is the final part of the &#8220;essay&#8221;: The numerous tribunals to be erected by <strong><span style=\"background-color: yellow\">the new plan of consolidated empire<\/span><\/strong>, will find employment for ten times their present numbers; these are the <span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>LOAVES AND FISHES<\/strong><\/span> for which they hunger. They will probably find it suited to THEIR HABITS, if not to the HABITS OF THE PEOPLE. There may be reasons for having but few of them in the State Convention, lest THEIR OWN INTEREST should be too strongly considered. The time draws near for the choice of Delegates. I hope my fellow-citizens will look well to the characters of their preference, and remember <strong>the Old Patriots of 75<\/strong>; they have never led them astray, nor need they fear to try them on this momentous occasion.. <!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\r\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other Key Quotations<\/strong><\/h4>\r\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>para 2: &#8220;<strong>The hideous daemon of <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Aristocracy<\/span><\/strong> has hitherto had so much influence as to bar the channels of investigation, preclude the people from inquiry and extinguish every spark of liberal information of its qualities.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>para 2: &#8220;I dare venture to predict, that in spite of those mercenary dectaimers,* the plan will have a candid and complete examination.&#8221;\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>probably &#8220;declaimers&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>In para. 4 the word &#8220;duty&#8221; is most likely &#8220;duly&#8221;&#8211;printing error with the &#8216;l&#8217; and &#8216;t&#8217;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>para 3: &#8220;Those furious zealots who are for cramming it down the throats of the people&#8230;&#8221;\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>Claim we don&#8217;t have time to deliberate; it&#8217;s a rush job<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>para 4: &#8220;They have strived to overawe or seduce printers to stifle and obstruct a free discussion&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>para 4: &#8220;These zealous partisans may injure their own cause, and endanger the public tranquility by impeding a proper inquiry&#8230;&#8221;\r\n<ul>\r\n<li><strong><span style=\"background-color: yellow\">Notice the rhetorical move here.<\/span><\/strong> There&#8217;s an attempt to be seen as moderate like one&#8217;s offering advice.<\/li>\r\n<li>Translation: <em><strong>I&#8217;m not against this Constitution, but you might hurt its chances by going so quickly to ratify it.<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>para. 5: &#8220;I had rather be a free citizen of the small republic of Massachusetts, than an oppressed subject of the great American empire.&#8221;\r\n<ul>\r\n<li>What is the author signaling by using &#8220;<span style=\"color: #ff0000\"><strong>empire<\/strong><\/span>&#8220;?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>para. 6: &#8220;These violent partisans are for having the people <strong><span style=\"background-color: yellow\">gulp down the gilded pill blindfolded<\/span><\/strong>, whole, and without any qualification whatever.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>Whoa! He warns that citizens are attracted to the <em><strong>golden veneer<\/strong><\/em> of this Constitution.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p>Remember, there&#8217;s sarcasm in this essay. When the author uses &#8220;the LOAVES AND FISHES,&#8221; he&#8217;s doing so ironically. This is an allusion to <strong>the feeding the multitude parable<\/strong> in the Bible (John 6: something).<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:separator --><hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/><!-- \/wp:separator -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Federalist Papers, an Overview<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Federalist_Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Federalist Papers<\/a><\/strong> were a series of essays that asked &#8220;The People&#8221; to deliberate and conclude in favor of their respective State&#8217;s ratification of the Constitution. Interestingly, The Federalist Papers was an organized effort to counter essays against ratifying the Constitution, which were known as <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anti-Federalist_Papers\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Anti-Federalist Papers<\/a><\/strong>. Historians credit those with securing the Bill of Rights to the Constitution. Although the Federalists won over enough voters to ratify the Constitution, the clash between the two <strong><em>factions<\/em><\/strong> (for lack of a better word&#8230;) had the result of establishing a strong(er) federal government but also a system that protected States&#8217; rights (and individuals). We call <span style=\"background-color: yellow\"><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/federalism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">federalism<\/a><\/em><\/strong> the system of government with a unifying central (federal) power that also respects States&#8217; autonomy<\/span>. Although it sounds as peculiar as &#8220;suffrage&#8221; meaning voting enfranchisement, <em>federalism<\/em> is the idea of upholding States&#8217; rights. Sure, the federal power is hegemonic, but there&#8217;s autonomy among States to pass laws (not in conflict with the federal laws) that local citizens demand.<\/p>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<p>The Federalist Papers were written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. The three were members of the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Federalist_Party\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federalist Party<\/a><\/strong>, so, even though James Madison wrote about the evils of &#8220;factions&#8221; (Federalist #10) and George Washington&#8217;s &#8220;Farewell Address&#8221; warned of factionalism, there have been political parties from the founding of the United States. Madison and Hamilton are more well known, but Jay was the first (&#8220;acting&#8221; technically) Secretary of State and the first Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. Seems like an important guy!<\/p>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at the introduction to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/guides.loc.gov\/federalist-papers\/text-1-10#s-lg-box-wrapper-25493264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Federalist #1<\/a><\/strong> to locate the justification for the Federalist project:<\/p>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\r\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>To the People of the State of New York:<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>AFTER an unequivocal experience of the inefficiency of the subsisting federal government, <strong>you are called upon to <span style=\"background-color: yellow\">deliberate<\/span> on a new Constitution for the United States of America<\/strong>. The subject speaks its own importance; comprehending in its consequences nothing less than the existence of the UNION, the safety and welfare of the parts of which it is composed, the fate of an empire in many respects the most interesting in the world. It has been frequently remarked that it seems to have been reserved to the people of this country, by their conduct and example, to decide the important question, <strong>whether societies of men are really capable or not of establishing good government from reflection and choice, or whether they are forever destined to depend for their political constitutions on accident and force.<\/strong> If there be any truth in the remark, the crisis at which we are arrived may with propriety be regarded as the era in which that decision is to be made; and a wrong election of the part we shall act may, in this view, deserve to be considered as the general misfortune of mankind.<br \/>&#8211;para. 1<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p>&#8230;<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\r\n<p><strong>Among the most formidable of the obstacles which the new Constitution will have to encounter may readily be distinguished the obvious interest of a certain class of men in every State to resist all changes which may hazard a diminution of the power<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/emolument\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">emolument<\/a>, and consequence of the offices they hold under the State establishments; and the perverted ambition of another class of men, who will either hope to aggrandize themselves by the confusions of their country, or will flatter themselves with fairer prospects of elevation from the subdivision of the empire into several partial confederacies than from its union under one government.<br \/>&#8211;para. 3<\/p>\r\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/blockquote>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Other Key Quotations<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading -->\r\n\r\n<!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>Written by the pseudonymous <em>PUBLIUS<\/em>, but it&#8217;s Alexander Hamilton\u00a0\r\n<ul>\r\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li><em>Independent Journal<\/em>, 27 Oct 1787<\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/meynercenter.lafayette.edu\/publius-journal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Publius<\/strong> probably refers to the founder of the Roman Republic<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Notice the rhetorical move of telling the audience that they welcome discussion, deliberation.\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para 2: &#8220;The plan offered to our deliberations affects too many particular interests, innovates upon too many local institutions, not to involve in its discussion a variety of objects foreign to its merits, and of views, passions and prejudices little favorable to <strong>the discovery of truth<\/strong>.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>States&#8217; leaders will lose power.\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para 3: &#8220;&#8230;<strong>the obvious interest of a certain class of men<\/strong>&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Another rhetorical move to show they&#8217;re the fair-minded ones:\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para. 4: &#8220;&#8230;such men [of opposition] may be actuated by upright intentions&#8230;that much of the opposition&#8230;will spring from sources, blameless at least, if not respectable&#8211;<strong>the honest errors of minds led astray by preconceived jealousies and <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">fears<\/span><\/strong>.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Anti-federalists, Hamilton argues, try to persuade through emotional appeals\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para. 5: &#8220;A torrent of angry and malignant passions will be let loose&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>&#8220;&#8230;to increase the number of their converts by the loudness of their declamations and the bitterness of their invectives.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Must secure liberty with strong government and not pandering to the masses.\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para 5: &#8220;&#8230;jealousy is the usual concomitant of love, and that the noble enthusiasm of liberty is apt to be infected with a spirit of narrow and illiberal distrust.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>&#8220;<strong>History will teach us<\/strong> that the former has been found a much more certain road to the introduction of despotism than the latter, and <strong>that of those men who have overturned the liberties of republics, the greatest number have begun their career by paying an obsequious court to the people<\/strong>; commencing demagogues, and <strong>ending tyrants<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n<li>Probably a reference to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Julius_Caesar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Julius Caesar<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Hamilton admits being pro-Constitution, but points out he&#8217;s telling the truth. This is an attempt to lessen the charge of bias.\u00a0\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para 6: &#8220;&#8230;<strong><span style=\"background-color: yellow\">the evidence of truth<\/span><\/strong>&#8230;.[my ideas] proceed from a source not unfriendly to the new Constitution. Yes, my countrymen&#8230;I am clearly of opinion it is your interest to adopt it.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<li>&#8220;<strong>I am convinced that this is the safest course for your liberty, your dignity, and your <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">happiness<\/span><\/strong>&#8230;I will not amuse you with an appearance of deliberation when I have decided. I frankly acknowledge to you my convictions, and I will freely lay before you the <strong>reasons<\/strong> on which they are founded.<\/li>\r\n<li>Just because you&#8217;re paranoid, doesn&#8217;t mean they&#8217;re not after you&#8230;<\/li>\r\n<li>It&#8217;s not a <a href=\"https:\/\/owl.purdue.edu\/owl\/general_writing\/academic_writing\/logic_in_argumentative_writing\/fallacies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>logical fallacy<\/strong><\/a> just because one supports a good plan one is in favor of.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Compare to Washington&#8217;s &#8220;Farewell Address&#8221; (remember, Hamilton and Madison helped write that address):\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para 7: &#8220;THE ADDITIONAL SECURITY WHICH ITS ADOPTION WILL AFFORD TO THE PRESERVATION OF THAT SPECIES OF GOVERNMENT, TO LIBERTY, AND TO PROPERTY.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>Finally, Hamilton explains these essays to come are for deliberation:\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>para. 9: &#8220;&#8230;to begin by examining the advantages of that Union, the certain evils, and the probable dangers, to which every State will be exposed from its dissolution.&#8221;<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Plan for the Day Anti-Federalist &amp; Federalist Introduction Anti-Federalist&#8211;General Introduction: A Dangerous Plan of Benefit Only to The &#8220;Aristocratick Combination.&#8221; Hamilton, Alexander. Federalist #1 Democracy\/Liberty\/Freedom\/ETC. quotation: \u201cI hope they pardoned them.* The spirit of resistance to government is so valuable on certain occasions, that I wish it to be always kept alive. It will often [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":598,"featured_media":0,"parent":12772,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-12788","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P2HAOx-3kg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12788","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/598"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12788"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12788\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12795,"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12788\/revisions\/12795"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}