
{"id":2621,"date":"2016-08-24T00:05:22","date_gmt":"2016-08-24T00:05:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.uncc.edu\/aaron-toscano\/?page_id=2621"},"modified":"2017-08-20T22:19:15","modified_gmt":"2017-08-20T22:19:15","slug":"prejudice","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/engl4182-5182fall2017\/engl4182-5182august28\/prejudice\/","title":{"rendered":"Prejudice and Rhetoric"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Constructed Meaning<\/h2>\n<p>Don&#8217;t feel bad when I tell you that you are all prejudiced because I don&#8217;t mean you&#8217;re evil (at least, not all of you&#8230;). We all have preconceived feelings related to events, persons, and concepts, and we don&#8217;t necessarily have control over those judgments. <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/150162?rskey=yk6MxW&amp;result=1&amp;isAdvanced=false#eid\">Prejudice <\/a><\/strong>does denote negative feelings as the <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oed.com\/\"><em>Oxford English Dictionary<\/em><\/a><\/strong> defines the word, so maybe <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oed.com\/view\/Entry\/150150?redirectedFrom=Prejudgement#eid\">prejudgment<\/a><\/strong> is more accurate because our conversation focuses on preconceived ideas or assumptions related to professional experience that do not necessarily imply rash, negative feelings. Normally, as the OED defines it, &#8220;prejudice&#8221; is used for prejudgments based on race, class, ethnicity, etc.<\/p>\n<p>However, before we address professional contexts, let&#8217;s discuss some more familiar situations. Below are statements that, because of one&#8217;s perception, you probably have made assumptions about the speakers based on what they say and who you think they are. There are no right or wrong answers, but let&#8217;s consider our assumptions just on the statements. Obviously, this isn&#8217;t objective, and there&#8217;s definitely room for ambiguity, but I think we might have some consensus.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Statements with Audience<\/span>: Break into discussion by rows&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Row 1<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ten-year-old girl: &#8220;I was watching Hannah Montana while eating breakfast&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Fifty-year-old man: &#8220;I was watching Hannah Montana while eating breakfast&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Row 2<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Twenty-five-year-old mother: &#8220;I was watching <em>The Jerry Springer Show<\/em> with my children yesterday&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Nineteen-year-old woman: &#8220;I was watching <em>The Jerry Springer Show<\/em> with my friends yesterday&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Row 3<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Eighth Grader: &#8220;Those <em>Twilight<\/em> movies rock&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Forty-year old: &#8220;Robert Pattinson is my favorite vampire&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Row 4<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Thirty-year-old woman: &#8220;I need to replace the NASCAR sticker on my pickup&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Fifty-year-old man: &#8220;I need to replace the NASCAR sticker on my pickup&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Row 5<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Anyone: &#8220;My car&#8217;s cassette deck ate my <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oHg5SJYRHA0\">Rick Astley tape<\/a><\/strong>&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Anyone: &#8220;That Vanilla Ice sure can sing&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Row 6<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Man\/Woman: &#8220;Call me on your cell phone&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Respondent: &#8220;I don&#8217;t have a cell phone&#8230;&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Note on Rhetoric<\/h2>\n<p>I call this section &#8220;Prejudice and Rhetoric&#8221; because rhetoric is more than just empty political speech. We&#8217;ll discuss forms of rhetoric all semester, but, for now, I want to highlight a few points about rhetoric:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Yes, it is the art of using the available means of persuasion, but that doesn&#8217;t mean rhetoric is always used for propaganda purposes.<\/li>\n<li>Rhetoric is also the built-in socially constructed meanings cultures associate with products (e.g., nuclear weapons as symbols of power or luxury cars as symbols of status).<\/li>\n<li>In professional\/technical communication, delivery formats are rhetorical devices and strategies that can imply levels of formality (e.g. glossy paper vs. handwritten notes).<\/li>\n<li>Evoking particular professions and &#8220;facts&#8221; are rhetorical strategies. For instance, which of the following statements are more persuasive than the others:\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;Prof. Bj\u00f6rn Ulvaeus&#8217;s team of scientists has found evidence that pesticide runoff causes algae blooms, which decreases\u00a0oxygen levels in water.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Scientists claim we must stop putting dihydrogen monoxide in our food.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;A recent survey by Beloit College given to incoming Freshman claims 95% love texting.&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Statistics show divorce rates are over 50%.&#8221;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Again, we&#8217;ll discuss the nuances of rhetoric as they relate to Information Design this semester, but I want to make it clear that equating rhetoric with empty, emotionally charge speech is not a full definition.<\/p>\n<h2>Prejudice and Images<\/h2>\n<p>Based on the images below, which subject is most trustworthy:<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 160px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/rmitz.org\/AYB3.swf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/webpages.uncc.edu\/~atoscano\/images\/ENGL-tosc1.jpg\" alt=\"All Your Base Are Belong to Us\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><p class=\"wp-caption-text\">All Your Base Are Belong to Us<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"style1\" align=\"left\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/webpages.uncc.edu\/~atoscano\/images\/AaronRainbow_reduced.jpg\" alt=\"Rainbow Warrior\" width=\"150\" height=\"153\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/webpages.uncc.edu\/~atoscano\/images\/Trustworthy001.jpg\" alt=\"Trust me...\" width=\"154\" height=\"173\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/webpages.uncc.edu\/~atoscano\/images\/Trustworthy002.jpg\" alt=\"Trust me more...\" width=\"150\" height=\"147\" \/>\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/pages.uncc.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/121\/2014\/02\/GiantHead001.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-249\" src=\"http:\/\/pages.uncc.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/121\/2014\/02\/GiantHead001-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"See Dr. Toscano's giant head.\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Click here to return to the <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pages.uncc.edu\/aaron-toscano\/engl4182-5182fall2017\/engl4182-5182august28\/\">August 28th&#8217;s\u00a0page<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0or September 11th&#8217;s page.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Constructed Meaning Don&#8217;t feel bad when I tell you that you are all prejudiced because I don&#8217;t mean you&#8217;re evil (at least, not all of you&#8230;). We all have preconceived feelings related to events, persons, and concepts, and we don&#8217;t necessarily have control over those judgments. Prejudice does denote negative feelings as the Oxford English [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":598,"featured_media":0,"parent":3595,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2621","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P2HAOx-Gh","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2621","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/598"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2621"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2621\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3598,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2621\/revisions\/3598"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3595"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2621"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}