{"id":9301,"date":"2022-11-06T20:37:25","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T01:37:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/?page_id=9301"},"modified":"2022-11-07T13:05:54","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T18:05:54","slug":"lbst2213november07","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/lbst2213fall2022\/lbst2213november07\/","title":{"rendered":"November 7th:\u00a0Boulle, Pierre.\u00a0Planet of the Apes Ch. 1-17"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Themes to Guide Us<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Satire<\/li><li>Anthropocene<\/li><li>Postcolonial Theory<\/li><li>Privileging Knowledge<\/li><li>Devolution<\/li><li>The Problem of Utopia<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, as I&#8217;ve mentioned before, I don&#8217;t know of any online copies of <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> (1964), so you need to get the physical book (or the ebook). Your <strong>Final Exam<\/strong> will have questions on this novel, and there will be questions to test whether you read the book or just watched the film(s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><strong>Plan\u00e8te des Singes<\/strong><\/em><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pierre Boulle, author of <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> and <em>Bridge over the River Kwai<\/em>, started out as an engineer and French secret agent, who was captured in 1943 by French legions who supported Japan (this was after France fell to Germany). He was engaging in espionage in what is now Vietnam, Loas, and Cambodia. His experience as a POW was certainly incorporated into <em>Bridge over the River Kwai<\/em> but we can also read some of that in Ulysse M\u00e9rou\u2019s captivity in <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em>. The novel is important to this class for its commentary\u2014it is a social science fiction political satire\u2014on scientific authority, evolution, and intelligence (vs. intellectualism). There is also the theme about human-animal relations, which a contemporary satirical text deals with: <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Whale_Whores#Theme\" target=\"_blank\"><em>South Park<\/em>\u2019s \u201cWhale Whores\u201d episode<\/a><\/strong>. We won\u2019t spend too much time on this theme, but definitely be thinking about the assumptions we have of animals and, specifically, types of animals. Why are animal lives not held to the same value as human lives? Consider the term <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/anthropocentric\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>anthropocentric<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As mentioned before, some science fiction readers expect plot devices to be accurate\u2014as scientifically precise as possible. <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">This class looks at the allegorical aspects of science fiction: it\u2019s a projection of the author\u2019s cultural moment into an imagined (future) setting.<\/span><\/strong> Although we can clarify some of the \u201ctechnical\u201d details, let\u2019s not get too bogged down in the physics of space travel. However, if you haven&#8217;t seen <em>Interstellar<\/em> (2014), you should. It\u2019s out of this world&#8211;Ha!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Satire<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of my favorite genres! Satire is &#8220;a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, especially in order to make a political point, or a piece of writing that uses this style&#8221; (<em>Cambridge University Dictionary<\/em>). Other definitions will use irony&#8211;when something is supposed to have one effect but it has the opposite; working against the logic of one&#8217;s goal, morals, or self interests; being unable to see the folly with which a character observes the world. Ulysse M\u00e9rou finds himself in a world full of apes and is relegated to the status of an animal. The effect is to demonstrate how humans treat animals and other humans. <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> is a political satire that shows readers the issues with assumptions of superiority and firmly held reason. Although Hollywood has produced many spoofs that satirize films (<em>Spaceballs<\/em>, <em>Fear of a Black Hat<\/em>, <em>27 Dresses<\/em>), a satire doesn&#8217;t need a <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_%C3%A0_clef\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>roman \u00e0 clef<\/strong><\/a>, a specific text to poke fun at or simply reference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, <em>satire<\/em> is not synonymous with <em>sarcasm<\/em>&#8230;but it&#8217;s close.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Anthropocene<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On second thought, let&#8217;s get into the subject of privileging the human over the animal. The term <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Anthropocene\" target=\"_blank\">Anthropocene<\/a><\/strong> refers to the current geological time period that is characterized by human activity significantly changing the planet. The term is actually a proposed term and not considered the agreed-upon scientific term, which is <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Holocene\" target=\"_blank\">Holocene<\/a><\/strong>. However, the move is a political one that could gain more traction as the effects of a warming and polluted planet become impossible to ignore. Besides carbon pollution from the Industrial Revolution through today causing the atmosphere to warm, humans have devastated the environment in many ways:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Air particulates<\/strong>&#8211;soot, smoke, smog, and dust<\/li><li><strong>Water pollution<\/strong>&#8211;ocean, rivers, drinking water, etc.<\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/oceanservice.noaa.gov\/facts\/microplastics.html\" target=\"_blank\">Microplastics<\/a><\/strong>&#8211;tiny fragments that end up in water<\/li><li><strong>Nuclear weapons testing<\/strong>&#8211;specifically in the United States, increased rates of thyroid cancer (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4165831\/\" target=\"_blank\">Remus Pr\u0103v\u0103lie, 2014<\/a>)<\/li><li><strong>Deforestation<\/strong>&#8211;human encroachment into forests, razing trees for homes and land to graze<\/li><li><strong>Mercury<\/strong>&#8211;contaminating oceans and marine life <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/how-does-mercury-get-into\/\" target=\"_blank\">from burning fossil fuels<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong>Pesticides<\/strong> and <strong>herbicides<\/strong>&#8211;harmful to humans, soil, rivers, marine life<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The proposed name makes sense when we consider the ways human activity has altered ecosystems on the planet. Another term that&#8217;s completely without controversy is <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ecocide\" target=\"_blank\">ecocide<\/a><\/strong>,* human destruction of the environment. It has a sinister etymology for an English professor because it has a connotation of <em>suicide<\/em>: we kill the environment and ourselves. But don&#8217;t worry. Environmental destruction, like traffic, is someone else&#8217;s problem&#8211;not yours. Here are some sites I found in and around Charlotte:<br>*See sarcasm&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/121\/2021\/11\/0428191508-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Birkdale Shopping Center<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/121\/2021\/11\/0429191201b-scaled.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Neighborhood in North Charlotte<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/vQZorKBOCsg?t=12\" target=\"_blank\">What happens to all that trash you produce?<\/a><\/strong> <strong>(required viewing)<\/strong><ul><li>&#8220;Methane has more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide over the first 20 years after it reaches the atmosphere&#8221; (<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/climate\/methane-crucial-opportunity-climate-fight\" target=\"_blank\">Environmental Defense Fund<\/a>)<\/li><li>&#8220;Find that inner nerd!&#8221;&#8211;Of course, you need to communicate these messages, so technical communication is important.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mecknc.gov\/LUESA\/SolidWaste\/Disposal-Recycling\/Pages\/what-can-and-cannot-be-recycled.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">What Can and Can&#8217;t&nbsp;I Recycle Curbside in Charlotte?<\/a><\/strong><ul><li>Not everything is recyclable<\/li><li>Also, notice things must be clean to go into recycling&#8211;even that sticky peanut butter!<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Science fiction, to return to the topic for today, often has post-apocalyptic settings because the authors project contemporary issues into a future setting. But environmental destruction isn&#8217;t an imaginary thing. This year&#8217;s <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/cop27.eg\/#\/\" target=\"_blank\">COP27<\/a><\/strong> in Egypt or last year&#8217;s <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/multimedia\/live-scidevnet-reports-from-cop26-climate-talks\/\" target=\"_blank\">COP26<\/a><\/strong> climate talks in Glasgow, UK, as well as the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Paris Climate Agreement<\/a><\/strong> are attempts to lessen the impacts of environmental destruction. Notice I didn&#8217;t write &#8220;halt&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Solutions You Can Do!<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.scidev.net\/global\/news\/eating-insects-could-cut-greenhouse-gas-emissions\/\" target=\"_blank\">Bug burgers and beetle wings!<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li>Carbon offsets&#8230;well, there&#8217;s an issue there<ul><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marketplace.org\/2021\/11\/08\/there-isnt-enough-space-for-all-of-the-trees-companies-want-to-plant\/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR&#8217;s Marketplace discussed carbon offsets<\/a><\/strong> (11\/08\/2021)<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8220;Oxfam has calculated that the total amount of land required for planned carbon removal could potentially be five times the size of India, or the equivalent of all the farmland on the planet&#8221; (Oxfam, August 2021, p. 7)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Drive less; walk more<\/li><li>Protect your fruit!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>For more information, look at an <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.anthropocene.info\/index.php\" target=\"_blank\">Anthropocene timeline<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Obvious Allusions and Puns<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;<strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=kw-iHU9JlQ8\" target=\"_blank\">Take&nbsp;your stinking paws off me you damn dirty ape!<\/a><\/strong>&#8221; (1968 film)<br>Where is this line in the novel?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ulysse M\u00e9rou is an allusion to the character Ulysses (or Odysseus) in <a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Odyssey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Homer\u2019s <em>Odyssey<\/em><\/strong><\/a>.<\/li><li>Soror is the sister planet of Earth (p. 23). Any guess as to why <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.reference.com\/browse\/sister\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cSoror\u201d<\/a><\/strong> for the \u201csister\u201d planet?<\/li><li>The Institute for Advanced Biological Science (p. 133) alludes (not perfectly, of course) to the <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Institut_de_France\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Institut de France<\/a><\/strong>, which houses <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/French_Academy_of_Sciences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the French Academy of Sciences<\/a><\/strong> that you no doubt remember from <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/pages.uncc.edu\/aaron-toscano\/htas2100spring2015\/htas2100january29\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the Pasteur-Pouchet Debate<\/a><\/strong>. <ul><li>The Institute for Advanced Biological Science is official science<\/li><li>Consider the roles of the Orangutans, Gorillas, and Chimpanzees<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Exploration and Discovery<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although there are other Earthlings as characters, we don\u2019t see them enough to focus too much attention on them. However, I might ask you to comment about the Professor in next week\u2019s post. We\u2019ll see. Let\u2019s think about how the protagonist, Ulysse M\u00e9rou, deals with this new world of Soror. We should try to compare the narrative of the <em>Time Machine<\/em> and <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> to discover patterns between the two texts. Yes, patterns exist. I didn\u2019t just pick these texts at random.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>p. 13: \u201c[T]he voyage lasted about two years our time, during which three and a half centuries must have elapsed on Earth.\u201d<\/li><li>p. 13: \u201c[T]he professor\u2026.often admitted he was tired of his fellow men.\u201d<\/li><li>p. 14: The spaceship is a mini-Ark with vegetable, flowers, \u201csome birds, butterflies, and even a monkey, a little chimpanzee\u2026christened Hector.\u201d<\/li><li>p. 18: The crew arrive in orbit around Soror, a comparable planet to Earth.<\/li><li>p. 22: Is it safe? They \u201ctried it out first on [their] chimpanzee.\u201d<br>Foreshadowing to the tests the apes do on humans.<\/li><li>p. 23: \u201c[W]e knew that a civilization existed\u2026.Rational beings\u2026had molded the face of the planet.\u201d<br>Pay attention to the use of tools (or inability to use them) and how that makes a being intellectual as opposed to just intelligent.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nova<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Two years without female companionship. Imagine how happy the crew (except for the professor) is to see not just a woman but one considered conventionally beautiful by their culture\u2019s standards. Notice how many references Ulysse makes to dogs (p. 31, 33, 49, 50).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>p. 31: &#8220;Have you ever watched a timid puppy on the beach while his master is swimming?&#8230;.Such, exactly, was the behavior of this girl.&#8221;<\/li><li>p. 33: Nova&#8217;s &#8220;peculiar swimming action resembling a dog&#8217;s&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li>p. 49: &#8220;Men and women&#8230;snuggling up together as dogs do in the cold.&#8221;<\/li><li>p. 50: &#8220;But although [Nova] was marvelously beautiful, I still did not regard her as a woman. Her manner was that of a pet seeking the warmth of its master.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">More Observations of Nova<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>p. 30: \u201c[H]er eyes\u2026.[had] a sort of void, an absence of expression reminding me of a wretched mad girl I had once known.\u201d<\/li><li>p. 31: \u201c[W]e heard her: but the sounds she uttered only added to the impression of animality created by her attitude.\u201d<br>How did Nova greet Hector, the crew\u2019s pet chimpanzee?<\/li><li>p. 81: &#8220;My sleep was interrupted, however, by feverish nightmares, in which Nova&#8217;s body appeared in the guise of a monstrous serpent wound around my own body.&#8221;<ul><li>Whoa! What does that dream mean?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>p. 89: When Ulysee first tried talking to Zira, &#8220;Nova looked furious and could not keep still.&#8221;<ul><li>What?!? How come? <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/jeevoka.com\/8-animals-where-females-rule-the-roost\/s\" target=\"_blank\">What could that possibly mean?<\/a> (not required reading but interesting)<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>p. 107: &#8220;I allowed myself to be stroked by [Zira&#8217;s] hairy hand, much to the displeasure of Nova.&#8221;<\/li><li>p. 115: &#8220;I, the ultimate achievement of millennial evolution&#8230;.I, Ulysse&nbsp;M\u00e9rou, embarked like a peacock around the gorgeous Nova on the love display.&#8221;<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">p. 130: To calm Nova down, &#8220;[Ulysse] had had to resort to force to keep her quiet. After receiving a few thundering slaps across her beautiful face, she had eventually calmed down.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/li><li>p. 134: Zira didn&#8217;t like Ulysse slumming with Nova&#8211;&#8220;Since she was now convinced I had an ape&#8217;s mind, my intimacy with the young girl vexed and shocked her.&#8221;<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">p. 149: Using the flashlight to control Nova, &#8220;I am the absolute master at home, now that I possess this instrument, and no longer need any arguments more striking to keep her quiet.&#8221;<\/span><\/strong><\/li><li>p. 194: &#8220;I often Think of Nova&#8230;.Since I have changed camps I have even forbidden myself to show her more affection than I show to her fellows.&#8221;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>p. 37: \u201c\u2019A female savage\u2026belonging to some backward race like those found in New Guinea or in our African forests?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Colonialism\" target=\"_blank\">Colonialism<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jingoism\" target=\"_blank\">Jingoism<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cultural_imperialism\" target=\"_blank\">Cultural imperialism<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;(cultural hegemony)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>What it means to be civilized (or advanced) has to do with how cultures behave. What&#8217;s one of the worst practices to engage in for humans? What is a marker of a civilized people? One thing for sure is that technologies appear to mark civilized societies. Of course, such an attitude is culturally relativistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Postcolonial Theory<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an introduction but <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordbibliographies.com\/view\/document\/obo-9780190221911\/obo-9780190221911-0069.xml\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>postcolonial theory<\/strong><\/a> is an approach to literature that seeks to explain local and global relationships within the context of (specifically European) of the history of colonialism. Writers from the <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Global_North_and_Global_South\" target=\"_blank\">Global South<\/a><\/strong> often have postcolonial themes as main features of their texts. However, even privileged members of a former (or current&#8230;) colonial empire can offer insight into the context of colonization. For instance, the refugee crisis caused by migrants fleeing worn-torn areas is often met with disdain from Western countries with statements like &#8220;we can&#8217;t take everyone in,&#8221; &#8220;they need to stay and fight for their homes,&#8221; and &#8220;we&#8217;re not responsible for all the ills of the world.&#8221; Many within former colonial empires recognize the migrant crisis as one cause by Wester powers&#8217; meddling in the affairs of previously colonized nations. Likewise, environmental impacts that cause inhabitants to flee can be seen as an extension of the environmental impacts perpetrated by industrial powers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now comes the fun part. Was Boulle promoting an uncritical view of colonization, or is he using Ulysse, an obvious reference to Odysseus, as an example of a privileged explorer who assumes all should recognize his <em>humanity<\/em>? The trials and tribulations he goes through to demonstrate his humanity satirizes Western colonial assumptions of natives. Might he even be a feminist?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Consider the issues around the language barriers between different groups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Soror Humans<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>p. 41: Ulysse considered the Soror humans to have \u201ca lack of conscious though; the absence of intelligence.\u201d<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">p. 46: \u201c[T]hese beings were roused to fury by <em>objects<\/em>. Things that were <em>manufactured<\/em> provoked their anger as well as their fear.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/li><li>p. 47: \u201cTheir women were all beautiful, though none could rival Nova\u2019s splendor.\u201d<\/li><li><strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">p. 48: \u201c[T]he shelters were not even huts, but nestlike constructions like those built by the big apes in our African forests.\u201d<\/span><\/strong><\/li><li>p. 112: Sex in captivity&#8211;&#8220;The only surprising element in these displays was the scientific <strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/ardor\" target=\"_blank\">ardor<\/a><\/strong> with which these apes followed them, never omitting to makes copious notes on the procedure.&#8221;<ul><li>Let&#8217;s connect this to another scientific observation of animal mating. What could we say about the situation the apes are in as they try to record human mating?<\/li><li>What environment factors may affect the Soror humans&#8217; behavior?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Film Clips<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Well, I couldn&#8217;t figure out how to create clips of <em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> from my Blu-ray, but I found the YouTube clips for you to watch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Clips from the 1968 film<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DruCG3LJiiU\" target=\"_blank\">Human Hunt<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gzRy-pvwdL0\" target=\"_blank\">Human See, Human Do<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=3BSdoHadj2w\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Writing in the Sand<\/strong><\/a><\/li><li><strong><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=0_m8AmAm-XE\" target=\"_blank\">The lead up to the famous line<\/a><\/strong><\/li><li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6hX68X66jyw?t=113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Not wanting to believe no evidence&#8230;the official stance<\/a><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Next Class<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Continue reading another third of&nbsp;<em>Planet of the Apes<\/em> by next class, 11\/09&#8211;make a wish!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<p>Oxfam. <em>Tightening the Net: Net Zero Climate Targets \u2013 Implications for Land and Food Equity<\/em>. August 2021. https:\/\/oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com\/bitstream\/handle\/10546\/621205\/bp-net-zero-land-food-equity-030821-en.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Satire&#8221;.  <em>Cambridge University Dictionary<\/em>. nd, https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/satire<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Themes to Guide Us Satire Anthropocene Postcolonial Theory Privileging Knowledge Devolution The Problem of Utopia Also, as I&#8217;ve mentioned before, I don&#8217;t know of any online copies of Planet of the Apes (1964), so you need to get the physical book (or the ebook). Your Final Exam will have questions on this novel, and there [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":598,"featured_media":0,"parent":9091,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9301","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P2HAOx-2q1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/598"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9301"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9311,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9301\/revisions\/9311"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9091"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/aaron-toscano\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}