{"id":1916,"date":"2017-12-09T18:31:44","date_gmt":"2017-12-09T18:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/?page_id=1916"},"modified":"2025-10-22T19:27:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T19:27:18","slug":"%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-3","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/chapter-4\/%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-3\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Language and Culture<\/h3>\n

Seasons and Months<\/h3>\n
\n

The names of months (\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u044f\u0446<\/strong> \u2013 month) in Russian have the same Latin origin as their English equivalents and they sound quite similar. They are never capitalized in Russian.
\nThe division of seasons is simpler and more clear-cut in Russian than in English. This division doesn\u2019t depend on solstice and always begins on the first day of a month:<\/p>\n

\u0417\u0418\u041c\u0410\u0301 <\/strong>(winter): \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0431\u0440\u044c, \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c, \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044c<\/strong>
\n\u0412\u0415\u0421\u041d\u0410\u0301 <\/strong>(spring): \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044c, \u043c\u0430\u0439<\/strong>
\n\u041b\u0415\u0301\u0422\u041e <\/strong>(summer): \u0438\u044e\u0301\u043d\u044c, \u0438\u044e\u0301\u043b\u044c, \u0430\u0301\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442<\/strong>
\n\u041e\u0301\u0421\u0415\u041d\u042c <\/strong>(autumn): \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0301\u0431\u0440\u044c, \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0301\u0431\u0440\u044c, \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0301\u0431\u0440\u044c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Grammar<\/h3>\n

Prepositional of Time<\/h3>\n
\n

It\u2019s not very difficult to use the names of the months in the prepositional case. They all adopt the \u201cE\u201d ending<\/strong> and, like in English, are used with the preposition \u201cin,\u201d \u201cB:\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0412 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0301 \u0445\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. – It\u2019s cold in January.<\/strong>
\n\u0412 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0301. \u2013 It\u2019s warm in May.<\/strong>
\n\u0412 \u0438\u044e\u0301\u043b\u0435 \u0436\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043a\u043e. \u2013 It\u2019s hot in July.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Adverbs of time<\/p>\n

However, in Russian the names of seasons adopt instrumental case endings when they denote time and are used without any preposition: \u0437\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0439<\/strong> – in winter, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0439<\/strong> – in spring, \u043b\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/strong> – in summer, \u043e\u0301\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e<\/strong> – in fall. \u0422hese words are often viewed as adverbs of time, and it\u2019s easier to remember them as such. The other words that adopt instrumental case endings and can be considered adverbs of time are \u0443\u0301\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong> \u2013 in the morning, \u0434\u043d\u0451\u043c<\/strong> – in the daytime, in the afternoon, \u0432\u0435\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong> \u2013 in the evening, and \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0447\u044c\u044e<\/strong> \u2013 at night. They are first priority words and should be learned ahead of time.
\nAlthough the words \u201cseason\u201d and \u201c\u0441\u0435\u0437\u043e\u0301\u043d\u201d<\/strong> are cognates, the Russian word group \u201c\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0430\u201d<\/strong> (lit: time of the year) is more common.
\n 
\n <\/p>\n

Survival Kit<\/h3>\n

He has… She has…<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301 (pronounced:<\/span> \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0301)<\/span> \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0430. \u2013 He has a guitar.<\/span>
\n\u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0301\u043d\u043e. – She has a piano.<\/span>
\n\u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0438. \u2013 They have children.<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 
\n <\/p>\n

Reading Practice<\/h3>\n
\n

I. Read and memorize the rhymes<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\u0412 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0301 \u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u043d\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0301,
\n\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0301.
\n\u0412 \u0444\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301 \u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0435,
\n\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0435.\n<\/td>\n		\nIn December and in January,
\nthere is snow and frost (cold) outside. (lit.: in the yard)
\nIn February and in March
\nspring stands on starting line.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301:<\/h3>\n
\n

\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433 (noun) \u2013 snow; <\/span>\u0438\u0434\u00eb\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u2013 it snows (lit.: snow goes)<\/span>
\n\u0445\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0434 (noun) \u2013 cold (about weather)<\/span>
\n\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u2013 yard. Note: <\/span>\u201c\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0301\u201d and <\/span>\u201c\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u201d may also mean \u201coutside.\u201d For Example: <\/span>\u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 (or: \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0301) \u0445\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u2013 It\u2019s cold outside.
\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u2013 starting line<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

II. Read, translate and analyze the text which is a part of the story-line. This is Tanya\u2019s (Jane\u2019s roommate\u2019s) letter to her parents. Learn the new words.<\/h4>\n

\u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e\u0301<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\n\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0301\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0301\u043f\u0430!
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0301? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c\u0435?
\n\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0301. \u0423\u0301\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043d\u0451\u043c \u044f \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0435, \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435. \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u0301\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0435 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\u0301. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0430?
\n\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u044e, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u0301\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f. \u0418\u0301\u0440\u0430 \u0421\u0435\u043c\u0451\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u044f\u0301 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0433\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u0301\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u044f\u0301\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0440\u0435. \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0301\u0440\u044c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438! \u0414\u0430, \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c! \u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043a\u0430, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0451 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0301\u0442 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043d. \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0301\u0432\u0430\u044f. \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0301\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0301 \u044f \u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u0418\u0301\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e\u0301 \u043f\u043e-\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438!
\n\u041e\u0439, \u044f \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0301\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u0443\u0301. \u0412 9 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f.
\n\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435! \u0412\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044f.<\/p>\n

P.S.: \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0301 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0442? \u0410 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301!
\n <\/p>\n

\u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301:<\/h3>\n
\n

\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044c\u0435 (n) \u2013 health; <\/span>\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0439 (adj.); <\/span>\u044f \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432 (m)\/ <\/span>\u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0432a (f) \u2013 I am well<\/span>
\n\u0442\u0430\u0301\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e (conj) – so<\/span>
\n\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u2013 year (of study at a university)<\/span>
\n\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044b\u0439 (m), <\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0430\u044f (f), <\/span>\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0435 (n) \u2013 adj.\u2013 which, that<\/span>
\n\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c (I) – to be, to happen to be; to visit<\/span>
\n\u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c (particle) \u2013 after all; you know<\/span>
\n\u0434\u0430 (here) – interjection, like \u201cOh, I nearly forgot\u201d<\/span>
\n\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (f) \u2013 news, a piece of news; Note: <\/span>\u201c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u201d can be used in plural: <\/span>\u201c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u201d: \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0301\u0435 \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0301 \/\u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438? \u2013 What\u2019s new?<\/span>
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0430\u043b\u044c! \u2013 What a pity! (also: <\/span>\u0436\u0430\u0301\u043b\u043ao); omission of <\/span>\u201c\u043a\u0430\u043a\u201d makes it less emphatic<\/span>
\n\u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c (I) \u2013 to kiss; <\/span>\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301\u044e, \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0435\u0448\u044c \u2026 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0443\u0301\u044e\u0442; Used at the end of a letter, this word corresponds to \u201cLove.”
\n\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0301\/\u0442\u0435! \u2013 imperative of \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Language and Culture Seasons and Months The names of months (\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u044f\u0446 \u2013 month) in Russian have the same Latin origin as their English equivalents and they sound quite similar. They are never capitalized in Russian. The division of seasons is simpler and more clear-cut in Russian than in English. This division doesn\u2019t depend on solstice […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2300,"featured_media":0,"parent":1896,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[5],"class_list":["post-1916","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1916","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2300"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1916"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1916\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2125,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1916\/revisions\/2125"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1916"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1916"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}