{"id":1918,"date":"2017-12-09T18:31:57","date_gmt":"2017-12-09T18:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/?page_id=1918"},"modified":"2025-10-22T19:28:17","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T19:28:17","slug":"%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/chapter-4\/%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grammar<\/h3>\n<\/hr>\n<\/h3>\n

Work and Activities<\/h3>\n

There is no direct equivalent to \u201cAT\u201d in Russian.<\/strong> Its functions are distributed between \u201cB\u201d<\/strong> and \u201cHA.\u201d<\/strong> The only observation is that \u201cHA\u201d is more popular with people\u2019s activities.<\/strong> The best way to get around the problem is to memorize the most common combinations with “HA” and, in all other instances, to use “B.” Here is a short list of words used with “HA”:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Prepositional<\/th>\nNominative<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0437\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438.\n<\/td>\n		\n\u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f – lecture<\/span>
\n\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u2013 \u04411ass, lectue; studies; occupation<\/span>
\n\u044d\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0435\u043d \u2013 exam (final)<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0444\u0430\u0301\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u043f\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0442\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0435\n<\/td>\n		\n\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u2013 work, job<\/span>
\n\u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0434 \u2013 plant, mill<\/span>
\n\u0444\u0430\u0301\u0431\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 factory<\/span>
\n\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b \u2013 (railway) station<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0301\u043d\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0442\u0435
\n\u043d\u0430<\/span> \u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\n<\/td>\n		<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

These combinations are divided into three groups on purpose, to unite the words thematically: words related to school, to work or business activity, and lastly, to diversions or amusement. Maybe it will be easier to memorize them this way.
\n 
\n <\/p>\n

Reading Practice<\/h3>\n
\n

I. Read the rhymes several times and translate.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0442\u00eb\u0442\u044f? – \u041d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435.
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0412\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0434\u044f? – \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0435.
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u041f\u0435\u0301\u0442\u044f? – \u0412 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0435.
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044f? – \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435.
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0413\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044f? – \u041d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0437\u0430\u0301\u043b\u0435.
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u00eb\u043c\u0430? – \u0421\u00eb\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

I. Read and analyze the text.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n
\n– \u0410\u043b\u043b\u043e\u0301! \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044f?
\n– \u0414\u0430. \u0410 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442?
\n– \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u00eb\u0442\u044f \u0412\u0430\u0301\u043b\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430?
\n– \u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u00eb \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435.
\n– \u0410 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0301\u043f\u0430? \u041e\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0301\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0435?
\n– \u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0430\u0301\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0442\u0435.
\n– \u0410 \u0421\u0435\u0440\u00eb\u0436\u0430?
\n– \u0421\u0435\u0440\u00eb\u0436\u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435.
\n– \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0301 \u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435?
\n– \u042f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u0301. \u041c\u0430\u0301\u043c\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f.
\n– \u0418 \u0442\u044b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430?
\n– \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443\u0301 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0301? \u0411\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430.
\n \u041e\u043d \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435.
\n– \u0410 \u0442\u044b \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c?
\n– \u042f \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0301 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u044e.\n<\/td>\n		\nHello! Is that Tanya?
\nYes. And who is talking?
\nIt\u2019s aunt Valya. Tanechka, is your mother home?
\nNo, mother is still at work.
\nAnd where is your father? Is he also at work?
\nNo, father is at the post office.
\nAnd Seryozha?
\nSeryozha is at school.
\nAnd why aren\u2019t you at school?
\nI am sick. Mother says it\u2019s flu.
\nAnd you\u2019re home alone?
\nWhy (do you think) alone? Barsik is at home.
\nHe is lying on the couch.
\nAnd what are you doing?
\nI am lying in bed and reading.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301<\/h3>\n

\u0435\u0449\u00eb – still; yet (in other contexts may mean \u201cmore\u201d)<\/span>
\n\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u0301 (f) \u2013 sick (short form of adj.); m.: <\/span>\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435\u043d, pl.:<\/span> \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0301
\n\u0433\u0440\u0438\u043f\u043f – flu<\/span>
\n\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0301 (f) – one; alone. This word is gender and number related: <\/span>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043d \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u043f\u043e\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0430; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0301 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0301; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0431\u0440\u044e\u0301\u043a\u0438 (one pair of trousers)\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 
\n <\/p>\n

Survival Kit<\/h3>\n

How much is it?<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n\n
\u0421\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u0301\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0301\u0433\u0430\/\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0301\u043b\/\u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301\u2026.?<\/td>\nHow much is this book\/ this magazine\/this wine?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

III. Read and Translate<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0430<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0412 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0301\u0442. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/strong>, \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0301\u0442<\/strong>. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438\u0301 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/strong>. \u041e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0435\u0301 \u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0301\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0301\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f\u0301 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c, \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0451 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0301\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0435<\/strong>.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u0412 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0301\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/strong>, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043a\u043e<\/strong> \u0441\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0421\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f\u0301 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c, \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/strong>.\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

\u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301<\/h3>\n

\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c (I) \u2013 to listen (to); <\/span>\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u044e, \u0442\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c…. \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 c\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442; this verb is followed by the direct object in Russian; imperative <\/span>\u201c\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0439\/\u0442\u0435!\u201d
\n\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c (I) \u2013 to stand up, to get up; <\/span>\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0301, \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0451\u0448\u044c… \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0301\u0442
\n\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c (II) – to walk, to go; <\/span>\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0301, \u0442\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c…… \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u044f\u0442
\n\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c (II) – to come in, to enter; <\/span>\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0443\u0301, \u0442\u044b \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c…… \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0301\u0434\u044f\u0442
\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c (I) \u2013 to converse, to talk; <\/span>\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e, \u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c… \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442; imperative <\/span>\u201c\u041d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\/\u0442\u0435!\u201d \u2013 stop talking!<\/span>
\n\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043a\u043e (adv) – seldom<\/span>
\n\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c (II) – to eat: <\/span>\u044f \u0435\u043c, \u0442\u044b \u0435\u0448\u044c, \u043e\u043d \u0435\u0441\u0442, \u043c\u044b \u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u043c, \u0432\u044b \u0435\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0435\u0434\u044f\u0301\u0442 (syn: <\/span>\u043a\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2013 I)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0430 – break (between classes)<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Notes: <\/p>\n

1. Take notice of mutation of \u201c\u0414\u201d<\/strong> to \u201c\u0416\u201d in the 1st person singular form of verbs \u201c\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c\u201d<\/strong> and \u201c\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u044c.\u201d<\/strong> The related noun \u201c\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u201d<\/strong> (entrance) should be familiar to you from previous lessons. We\u2019ll deal with \u2018verbs of going\u2019 in later chapters.
\n2. The verb \u201c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c\u201d<\/strong> coinsides with the present form of the verb to be (\u0423 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0301\u043d\u0430), but it\u2019s a completely different verb. Pay attention to its highly irregular conjugation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grammar Work and Activities There is no direct equivalent to \u201cAT\u201d in Russian. Its functions are distributed between \u201cB\u201d and \u201cHA.\u201d The only observation is that \u201cHA\u201d is more popular with people\u2019s activities. The best way to get around the problem is to memorize the most common combinations with “HA” and, in all other instances, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2300,"featured_media":0,"parent":1896,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[5],"class_list":["post-1918","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2300"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1918"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1918\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2126,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1918\/revisions\/2126"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}