{"id":1920,"date":"2017-12-09T18:32:16","date_gmt":"2017-12-09T18:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/?page_id=1920"},"modified":"2025-10-22T19:29:26","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T19:29:26","slug":"%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-5","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/chapter-4\/%d1%83%d1%80%d0%be%d0%ba-5\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0423\u0440\u043e\u043a 5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grammar<\/h3>\n
\n

Professions<\/h3>\n

In Russian, some professions have both masculine and feminine forms, whereas others have only one form used both for men and women. You already know some of the words below:<\/p>\n

\u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0415\u0301\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0418 (professions)<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
Masculine<\/td>\nFeminine<\/td>\nUsed for both Genders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (teacher)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (instructor)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (writer)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0446 (sales person)<\/span>
\n\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442 (waiter\/waitress)<\/span>
\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c (secretary)<\/span>
\n\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442 (nurse)<\/span>\n<\/td>\n		\n\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430
\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430
\n\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430
\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u0301\u0446\u0430
\n\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442\u043a\u0430
\n\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u0448\u0430
\n\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0301\n<\/td>\n		\n\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0447 (doctor)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 (professor)<\/span>
\n\u0448\u043e\u0444\u0451\u0440 (driver)<\/span>
\n\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0438\u0439 (worker)<\/span>
\n\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0440 (engineer)<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0442 (programmer)<\/span>
\n\u0443\u0447\u0451\u043d\u044b\u0439 (scientist; scholar)<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

It\u2019s important to know that an adjective always agrees with the gender of a word it defines, not the person.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

For example: \u201c\u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong> \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0430\u044f<\/strong><\/span> \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong><\/span>,\u201d but: \u201c\u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301<\/strong> \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u0439<\/strong><\/span> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0301\u0441\u0442<\/strong><\/span>.\u201d <\/p>\n

The word \u2018\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0438\u0439\u2019<\/strong> (worker) has a form of an adjective, but in its functions as a noun, it can be defined by other adjectives: \u201c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0438\u0439\u201d<\/strong> \u2013 \u201cnew young worker.\u201d
\nUsed as an adjective, it would define nouns and accept their gender: \u201c\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c\u201d<\/strong>(m) \u2013 working day, \u201c\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043b\u044f\u201d<\/strong> (f) \u2013 working week, \u201c\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u043e” <\/strong>(n) \u2013 working place.
\nYou have come across some other Russian nouns which have the form of the adjective: \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0432\u0430\u044f<\/span><\/strong> (dining room; canteen), \u0432\u0430\u0301\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/span><\/strong> (bathroom) \u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/span>\/ \u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/span>\/ \u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/strong> (Russian\/s), etc. Words like these are declined like adjectives.
\n 
\n <\/p>\n

Survival Kit<\/h3>\n

We have… They have…<\/h3>\n
\n\n\n\n
\n\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u044b\u043d. \u2013 We have a son.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0447\u044c. \u2013 They have a daughter.<\/span>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

Reading Practice<\/h3>\n
\n

Read and translate the story-line text.<\/h4>\n

Jane is writing a second letter to her friend in America.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\n\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0439, \u041b\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0430!<\/p>\n

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0442\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0301 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430? \u0422\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u0430 \u044f \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0301 \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0301 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e\u0301.
\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0301 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0448\u044c, \u044f \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0301\u0441 \u0432 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0435\u0301. \u042f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0301 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0301\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u041e\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0301\u043d\u043a\u0430.
\n\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0301\u043c\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u0301 – \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0301\u0434\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0451 \u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0301\u0442 \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044f, \u043e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0442\u043e\u0301\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u043a\u0430. \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0435\u0451 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0301\u0442 \u0432 \u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0440\u0438, \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0418\u0440\u043a\u0443\u0301\u0442\u0441\u043a. \u041e\u043d\u0430\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u042f \u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0301 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0301\u043a\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0301\u043c\u0430! \u0422\u0430\u0301\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0301\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0301\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430, \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0301\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u0301, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0301\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u044e\u0442 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0440\u0443\u0301\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u0423\u0301\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u2013 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0301\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0301\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0301\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0301\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0301\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0301\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0301\u043c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0430, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u044e\u0442, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u044e\u0442, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0301\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442. \u041f\u043e-\u043c\u043e\u0301\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u043e\u043d\u0438\u0301 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0410\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0301\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b, \u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0446\u044b.
\n \u041c\u043e\u0451 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0301\u0445\u043e\u0435. \u0422\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0301\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0440\u0435, \u0438 \u044d\u0301\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0447\u043d\u043e,
\n\u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0431\u043d\u043e.
\n \u0412 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0301\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0301\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0301\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0301\u043c, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 \u043f\u0438\u0301\u0448\u0435\u043c, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0301\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u042f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0301\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0301 \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0301 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0301\u044e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0301\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0301\u0442 \u0447\u0451\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0301\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e.
\n\u041d\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0301. \u041f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0301!<\/p>\n

\u0422\u0432\u043e\u044f\u0301 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0301\u0433\u0430 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u0439\u043d.
\n <\/p>\n

\u041d\u043e\u0301\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0301<\/h3>\n
\n

\u0421\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0301\u0440\u044c (f) – Siberia<\/span>
\n\u0442\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e (adv) – only<\/span>
\n\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u0430 (f) \u2013 glad, happy; <\/span>\u0440\u0430\u0434 (m), <\/span>\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0434\u044b (pl) <\/span>
\n\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f\u0301 \u2013 pl. of <\/span>\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433
\n\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0301\u0441\u0442\u0435 (adv) – together<\/span>
\n\u043a\u0430\u0301\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 (adj) \u2013 each, every <\/span>
\n\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0301\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f (I) \u2013 1. to study (especially doing homework) 2. to be busy (doing something)|(this verb belongs to the so-called \u201c\u0441\u044f\u201d- verbs which we\u2019ll study later)<\/span>
\n\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u0301 (adv) \u2013 always<\/span>
\n\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0301\u0433\u043e (adv) – much<\/span>
\n\u0431\u043e\u0301\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u2013 more; bigger <\/span>
\n\u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0301\u0431\u043d\u043e (adv) \u2013 inconvenient, uncomfortable; akward; embarrassing<\/span>
\n\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0301 \u2013 imperative of \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u2013 write!<\/span><\/p>\n

Notes:<\/strong>
\n1. Notice Russian punctuation in the first greeting phrase of the letter.
\n2. \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0301\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u2013 is a cognate, try to figure out its meaning with the help of the context.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Grammar Professions In Russian, some professions have both masculine and feminine forms, whereas others have only one form used both for men and women. You already know some of the words below: \u041f\u0420\u041e\u0424\u0415\u0301\u0421\u0421\u0418\u0418 (professions) Masculine Feminine Used for both Genders \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (teacher) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (instructor) \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0301\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (writer) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0301\u0446 (sales person) \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0301\u043d\u0442 (waiter\/waitress) \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0301\u0440\u044c (secretary) \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0301\u0442 (nurse) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2300,"featured_media":0,"parent":1896,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"coauthors":[5],"class_list":["post-1920","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1920","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2300"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1920"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2128,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1920\/revisions\/2128"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1896"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/friendly-russian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=1920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}