{"id":1106,"date":"2019-10-23T18:38:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-23T22:38:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/?page_id=1106"},"modified":"2020-10-15T12:28:49","modified_gmt":"2020-10-15T16:28:49","slug":"methodology","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/research\/meck60-needs-assessment-2019\/methodology\/","title":{"rendered":"Methodology"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Random Digit Dialing Sample<\/b><\/p>\n

Participants: <\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

A total of 370 adults aged 60 and older and 81 family caregivers in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County were interviewed by Customer Research International (CRI) utilizing a questionnaire designed by staff at The Gerontology Program. Respondents were screened in order to interview either the adult aged 60 or older in the household or a respondent providing care to this population. Additional screening was performed to ensure residence within Mecklenburg County. Caregivers were screened for those providing unpaid care to any relative or friend. Sampling was utilized to provide specific target quotas for Latino, African American, and Caucasian respondents. Both an English and Spanish language version of the questionnaire was made available. Spanish speaking households were called back by a bilingual interviewer in an attempt to complete the interview in Spanish. 21 total Spanish surveys were conducted.<\/p>\n

Procedures: <\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

Telephone numbers were purchased by CRI through Survey Sampling International (SSI) and Aristotle, both reputable sample providers. Interviews were conducted using computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) software, which ensured all questions were asked correctly and all logic and skip patterns were implemented properly. The telephone sample was also managed by the CATI system, allowing dialing rules and disposition management to be streamlined. To ensure the highest response rate, each telephone number was called up to five times at various times of the day and week. Additionally, respondents were allowed to request a callback at a more convenient time and date. These appointments were called at the appointed time, and up to five additional times if the respondent was not available at the initially requested time.<\/p>\n

Face-To-Face Convenience Sample<\/b><\/p>\n

Participants: <\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

Participants were recruited through a convenience sample by disseminating flyers to local community groups including: Mecklenburg County Libraries, YMCA of Greater Charlotte, El Camino Community Center, Shamrock Senior Center, Tyvola Senior Center, North Mecklenburg Senior Center, Charlotte Community Health Clinic and local places of worship.<\/p>\n

Respondents were screened in order to interview either adults aged 60 or older or a respondent providing care to this population. \u00a0A total of 388 adults aged 60 and older and 46 family caregivers in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County were interviewed. Both an English and Spanish language version of the questionnaire was made available. A total of 70 adults aged 60 and older and 8 family caregivers were interviewed in Spanish.<\/p>\n

Procedures: <\/b><\/u><\/p>\n

All screenings and interviews were conducted by trained Graduate Assistants from the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Screenings were conducted over the phone and interviews were conducted at the participants home or at a public location near the participant\u2019s home. Participation consisted of a 1 time face-to-face survey questionnaire that took no more than 1 hour of time.<\/p>\n

Methods for Maps –<\/span><\/strong>
\n1. Data Preparation
\nThe Meck60+ participants included their residential address, allowing spatial analysis of
\nthe survey responses. The residential addresses were geocoded (converting addresses to
\ncoordinates that can be displayed on a map) using ArcGIS Pro\u2122. Subsequently, 738 addresses
\nwere successfully geocoded using the Mecklenburg County street network as the reference
\ndataset from Mecklenburg County\u2019s GIS Open Mapping online portal1. The locations of the
\nCounties\u2019 parks, bus and light rail stations and routes also came from reference 1. The
\nsocioeconomic and sociodemographic data was collected from the US Census\u2019 2016 ACS
\nEstimates dataset2. The geographic data (i.e. county boundary, zip code boundaries, and census
\ntract boundaries) were collected from the US Census\u2019 Tiger\/Line Shapefile dataset3 (2016
\nboundary data). The geocoded addresses were subsequently aggregated at both the zip code
\nand census tract levels.
\n2. Mapping Methodology
\nThe majority of the maps were made using a choropleth mapping approach \u2013 a thematic
\nmap that uses colors to represent the value of a statistical variable. Graduated colors were
\nused for the choropleth maps to identify spatial patterns of a particular variable (i.e. light
\nshades = small values; darker shades = high values). A quantile classification method was used
\nto separate the data values into distinct classes if the data was linearly distributed, where each
\nclass contains an equal number of features. Otherwise, a Natural Breaks classification method
\nwas used, where the class breaks are based on the natural groupings of the data \u2013 i.e.
\nmaximizing the differences between classes. For multivariate mapping analysis, a bivariate
\nmapping approach was used. Bivariate maps is a variation of a choropleth map and can
\ndisplaying and showing the spatial relationship of two variables (e.g. income and education) for
\neach areal unit (i.e. census tracts) in a study area. For this project, a 3×3 (9 class) bivariate
\nsequential color scheme was used (see Figure 1).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Figure 1 was take from Joshua Stevens\u2019 \u201cBivariate Choropleth Maps: A How-to-Guide\u201d4. In essence,
\nvariable one\u2019s values are from low to high on the vertical axis; and variable two\u2019s values are from low to
\nhigh on the horizontal axis. For example, the white square on the bottom left of Figure 1 shows that a
\nlocation represented by that color indicates the lowest value class break for variable two and the lowest
\nvalue class break for variable one.
\nReferences
\n1. http:\/\/maps.co.mecklenburg.nc.us\/openmapping\/<\/a>
\n2. https:\/\/factfinder.census.gov\/faces\/nav\/jsf\/pages\/index.xhtml<\/a>
\n3. https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/mapping-files\/time-series\/geo\/tiger-line-file.html<\/a>
\n4. http:\/\/www.joshuastevens.net\/cartography\/make-a-bivariate-choropleth-map\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Random Digit Dialing Sample Participants: A total of 370 adults aged 60 and older and 81 family caregivers in Charlotte and Mecklenburg County were interviewed by Customer Research International (CRI) utilizing a questionnaire designed by staff at The Gerontology Program. Respondents were screened in order to interview either the adult aged 60 or older in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3290,"featured_media":0,"parent":141,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1106","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3290"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1106"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1107,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1106\/revisions\/1107"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/141"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pages.charlotte.edu\/jmontoro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}