MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory) a numerical computing environment and fourth-generation computing language. MATLAB allows signal processing and communication, image and video processing, control systems, test and measurement, computational finance, and computational biology.
GNU Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command-line interface (CLI) for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with MATLAB.
Python is a general-purpose, interpreted high-level programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability, and its syntax allows programmers to express concepts in fewer lines of code than would be possible in languages such as C. The language provides constructs intended to enable clear programs on both a small and large scale.