Mark West

The Study of the New South — At the end of June, Jeffrey Leak will step down as the Director for the Center for the Study of the New South in order to focus his attention on serving as the Faculty President. Jeffrey has served as the Director of the Center since 2011. Under his leadership the Center has developed programming that has engaged the larger Charlotte community. In 2012, he secured a grant from the North Carolina Humanities Council for the Center to host a conference on the book and exhibit Without a Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. The Center also sponsored year-long programming on Sports in the New South, Soul Food: A Historical and Contemporary Exploration of New South Food, and most recently, a series titled Real Talk: Community Conversation on Why the Black American Male Still Matters. Please join me in commending Jeffrey for providing the Center with such excellent leadership.

Jeffrey’s work as the Director of the Center for the Study of the New South reflects the English Department’s long-standing involvement in Southern Studies. In the mid-1970s, the English Department began offering an upper-level course called Literature of the American South, and in the years since then English faculty have have contributed to Southern Studies both through their teaching and their scholarship. Currently, a number of English faculty members are engaged in scholarly projects that deal with Southern Studies. I could mention many examples, but there are four faculty members who immediately come to mind. Janaka Lewis and Paula Eckard are both doing research projects on writers from the American South while Liz Miller and Becky Roeder are conducting linguistics research on speech patterns and language usage in the South.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

June 22 — Last day of classes for the first summer session.

June 29 — Grades due for classes taught during the first summer session.

June 29 — Classes for the second summer session begin on June 29.

June 30 — Last day to add or drop a class with no grade.

Quirky Quiz Question — The English Department’s engagement in Southern Studies is reflected in our annual award ceremony. Each year, the English Department gives an award to “an outstanding graduate student with an interest in literature, especially Southern Literature.” This award is named after a former English faculty member. Does anybody know the name of this former faculty member?

Last week’s answer: The Cheshire Cat couldn’t be beheaded because his body (and head) kept disappearing.

Andrea, Josh, Angie, Reili

Warrior Dash — Angie Williams and her offspring (Reili Williams, Andrea Todd, and Josh Edwards) participated in the Warrior Dash in Huntersville this past weekend. This 5K run doubles as an obstacle course. The twelve obstacles include climbing a wall (Warrior Wall), wading through a muddy pond (Mud Mounds), crawling under barbed wire (Under the Wire), and jumping over live flames (Warrior Roast). This sounds like torture to me, and I am not at all sure I would survive. I would likely end up being a roasted chair. Angie and her crew, however, not only completed the Warrior Dash, but they all claim to have enjoyed the experience.

There is a scene in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland in which the Queen of Hearts is having her own wild Warrior Dash of sorts, although she calls it a croquet game. I am not sure I would survive this chaotic experience either. I would likely end up being a beheaded chair. Anyway, at one point Alice and the Duchess are watching the proceedings, and the Duchess insists on tacking on a moral to every comment that Alice makes about the game. At the risk of sounding like the Duchess, I can’t help tacking on a moral to the end of Angie’s Warrior Dash story. By supporting each other and finding the fun in overcoming obstacles, Angie and her crew turned something that sounds like an ordeal into something that they all sensed as an enjoyable way to spend a Saturday morning. And the moral to that, to quote the Duchess is–“Take care of the sense, and the sounds will take care of themselves.”

Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Paula Connolly delivered a public presentation titled “Issues of Invisibility: or, How to Read Slavery Where There Is No Slavery” at the Boston Athenaeum. She talked about the Confederate children’s books that she examined during her month-long research stay at the Boston Athenaeum.

Melissa Quitadamo, a master’s student in English, is the recipient of the 2015-16 John Paul Lucas, Jr. Scholarship for Educational Leadership. She is featured in the Summer 2015 issue of The Graduate Source, a publication produced by the Graduate School.

Alan Rauch delivered a presentation titled “Issues Facing Scholarly Journals in the U.S.” at the annual congress of the Canadian Federation for the Humanities and Social Sciences. This event took place in Ottawa, Canada.

Ralf Thiede delivered a paper on June 6 entitled “Story as the Brain’s Information Management System” at the inaugural Colloquium on the Linguistics of Children’s Literature. The colloquium was held at the University of Mainz, Germany, and went so well that international conferences on the topic are envisioned for the future.

Quirky Quiz Question — In Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, the Queen’s croquet game is interrupted over a dispute involving the ordered beheading of the Cheshire Cat. Why does the executioner argue that he cannot behead the Cheshire Cat?

Last week’s answer: Darwen is an anagram for Andrew

ConCarolinas — I spent part of the past weekend at ConCarolinas, a convention for fans of fantasy and science fiction. The convention took place in a large hotel near the Charlotte Motor Speedway. My wife (Nancy Northcott) was one of the the guest writers, and I agreed to staff her table while she participated in panels and other events. Andrew Hartley (published as A. J. Hartley) also participated as a guest author, and his table was across the hallway from Nancy’s table. Andrew is the Robinson Professor of Shakespeare, but he is also the author of a number of fantasy novels, including a children’s fantasy trilogy titled the Darwen Arkwright Series.

As I watched Andrew interact with his readers, I began thinking about the various ways in which fans and literary scholars are alike. Both share a passion for stories, both enjoy talking to fellow readers about their favorite stories, and both like to write about stories. One of the key differences between these two groups is how they respond to stories. Fans tend to take a celebratory approach to their favorite stories while literary scholars tend to take more theoretical or historical approaches to stories. Still, these differing responses are not mutually exclusive. Fans and scholars can learn from each other and take pleasure in their shared interests.

Andrew provides an inspiring example of a scholar who is as comfortable in the world of fandom as he is in the halls of academe. When a girl came up to his table at ConCarolinas and wanted to talk to him about Darwen Arkwright and the Peregrine Pact, he gave her the same respect as he would give a fellow Shakespeare scholar. I watched as Andrew talked with the girl and signed her book, and I thought to myself how fortunate I am to count Andrew as one of my colleagues.

News about Sponsored Awards — Every month I receive a report titled “Sponsored Awards” from the Office of Research and Economic Development. This report provides information about the external funding generated by every department in the university. I took a look at the report that came last week, and I was pleased with the information related to the English Department. The report lists the “total value of awards” that have come in between July 1, 2014, and April 30, 2015. It also lists the same information from the previous year. A year ago, the English Department generated awards totaling $89,095, but this year the total increased to $116,136. This total is the highest for any humanities department in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, and it is higher than the totals for most of the departments in the social sciences.

Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Paula Eckard served on a panel titled “Teaching Thomas Wolfe in the Twenty-First Century” at the 37th Annual Conference of the Thomas Wolfe Society in Albany, NY, May 22-24. Among other topics, she discussed the versatile uses of Wolfe’s works in teaching both undergraduate and graduate students and the outstanding digital resources available for teaching Wolfe in traditional and online environments.

Jennie Mussington is participating in the Summer 2015 Universal Design Certificate Program. This program provides information on how to make technology used on our campus accessible to users with disabilities.

Quirky Quiz Question — What is an “anagram” and how does it relate to Andrew Hartley’s Darwen Arkwright Series?

Last week’s answer – Decoration Day

Memorial Day — The history of Memorial Day dates back to the conclusion of the Civil War. The holiday started as a way to commemorate the soldiers who died during the Civil War, but gradually the scope of the day expanded to include the commemoration of all Americans who died while serving in the military. Memorial Day became an official federal holiday in 1967, and nowadays most Americans have the day off from work but not everyone.

Josh Edwards and Josh Blaney

Unlike the faculty and students at UNC Charlotte, the members of the staff are expected to report to the University on Memorial Day or take the day as one of their vacation days. This practice seems wrong to me. Many members of our staff have family members and friends who died while in service to their country, and I believe that these staff members should not have to use their vacation time to observe Memorial Day. Angie Williams, for example, always thinks about her son, Josh Edwards, and her son’s best friend, Josh Blaney, on Memorial Day. The two Joshes served in the Army with tours of duty in Iraq and Afghanistan. Angie’s son lived to come home, but Josh Blaney lost his life in Afghanistan. UNC Charlotte prides itself as an institution that honors the men and women who have served in the military. Making Memorial Day a holiday for everyone who works at UNC Charlotte would provide concrete evidence that the University really does honor military service. So long as the University expects the staff to report to work on Memorial Day, the University’s proclamation that it is “veteran friendly” rings a bit hollow.

On Turning Sixty — This week I turn sixty. Reaching this milestone prompts me to reflect a bit on my career as an English professor. For the past thirty-one years I have taught children’s literature in this English Department. During that span of time, I have never taken a semester off from teaching, not because I have some sort of martyr complex but because I find teaching in this department to be immensely rewarding. I have friends who teach children’s literature at other universities who often feel belittled and besieged because their colleagues do not take children’s literature seriously. I have not had this experience. I am fortunate to have had the opportunity to pursue my career in a department that values children’s literature as legitimate field of study.

Even though I know that the majority of my teaching days are already receding in the rearview mirror, I hope to continue teaching in this department for many years to come. There are two professors who have taught in this department for more years than I have—Boyd Davis and Anita Moss—and they are my role models. My other role model is my father. He did not retire until he turned eighty, so perhaps I will be lucky enough to follow in his footsteps and keep teaching for another twenty years.

Quirky Quiz Question — Memorial Day dates back to the late 1860s, but the holiday was not originally called Memorial Day. What was the original name for this holiday?

Last week’s answer:

Quirky Quiz Question — Summer is a special time of the year in the lives of young people, which might explain why so many coming-of-age stories take place during the summer. Below are descriptions of three classic coming-of-age novels all of which have the word summer in their title. See if you can the titles of these books:

1. This classic story of first love takes place in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, in the late 1930s.    Seventeenth  Summer

2. This novel deals with a Jewish girl who befriends an enemy soldier who escapes from a prison camp in Arkansas.   Summer of My German Soldier

3. This novel is set on Nantucket Island and deals with an adolescent boy’s infatuation with the a young woman whose husband is killed during World War Two.  Summer of ’42

Summer — The builders of Stonehenge seemed to think that the start of summer had something to do with the summer solstice, for they designed the monument so that the the sun rises above a stone known as the Heel Stone on the morning of the summer solstice. What the builders of Stonehenge apparently did not understand is that the real start of summer is the first day of the first summer session at UNC Charlotte, which falls on the 18th of May this year.

This summer the English Department will be offering a little more than two dozen classes at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Of these classes around half are 100% online courses. The English Department faculty are also teaching seven Liberal Studies courses for the General Education Program. As of Friday, our English and LBST courses had about 600 of their seats filled, which is a record high at this point in the summer registration process. In addition to our regular summer offerings, the English Department is offering several new topics courses, such as Reading the Whedonverse (ENGL 2090), African-American Writers Writing the Sixties (ENGL 3050) and Children’s Literature and Childhood Trauma (ENGL 6070). My thanks go to Kirk for organizing our summer schedule.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

May 18 — Classes for the first summer session begin on May 18.

May 19 — Last day to add or drop a class with no grade.

Quirky Quiz Question — Summer is a special time of the year in the lives of young people, which might explain why so many coming-of-age stories take place during the summer. Below are descriptions of three classic coming-of-age novels all of which have the word summer in their title. See if you can name the titles of these books:

1. This classic story of first love takes place in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, in the late 1930s.

2. This novel deals with a Jewish girl who befriends an enemy soldier who escapes from a prison camp in Arkansas.

3. This novel is set on Nantucket Island and deals with an adolescent boy’s infatuation with a young woman whose husband is killed during World War Two.

Last week’s answer: Prospero

Remembering Ken Burrows — Ken Burrows died on the first day of May, but for those of us who had the privilege of knowing him, he will live on in our memories for years to come. Ken ran the summer programs at UNC Charlotte for many years, and it was because of this role that I came to know Ken.

Ken was always ready to experiment with new programs offered during the summer. He thought that the campus should hum with activity during the summer and that the University should offer summer programs for people of all ages, including children. For these reasons, he started our Camps on Campus summer enrichment program. Ken knew of my background in children’s literature, and he asked me if I would be willing to develop a summer camp based on children’s books. I liked the idea and said that I would give it a try. A few weeks later, he contacted me again and said that he thought that the camp should have a tighter focus. At the time the Harry Potter phenomenon was all the rage, so I suggested that we focus the camp on Harry Potter. With Ken’s help, I wrote a description of the camp in which I said that for one week in the summer our UNC Charlotte campus was going to be transformed into Hogwarts Extension. Over the next several months, Ken and I met many times to plan the camp, and our efforts were rewarded beyond anything we had imagined. The kids had a great time, their parents thanked me endlessly for providing their children with this opportunity, and the camp attracted a tremendous amount of press coverage. Running this Harry Potter camp proved to be one of the most memorable experiences in my career at UNC Charlotte, and I owe it all to Ken.

Commencement Notes — Last Saturday the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences held its commencement ceremony. For nearly 90 of our students, this ceremony marked their transition from current students to graduates. A total of 19 of our graduate students are listed in the commencement program, and 70 undergraduate students are listed.

I was especially impressed with how many of our BA students fall under the heading of “Graduation with Distinction.” Of the 70 students, 14 earned the distinction of Cum Laude (GPA between 3.4-3.7), 7 earned the distinction of Magna Cum Laude (GPA between 3.7-3.9), and 4 earned the distinction of Summa Cum Laude (GPA between 3.9-4.0). This total comes to 25 students, which means that 36% of our graduating seniors earned this special distinction. I am very proud of all of our graduating students, but I want to mention by name the 4 students who earned the distinction of Summa Cum Laude. Their names are John Stuart Cloer, Ashley Michelle Helms, Jessica Katlin Lamp, and Taryn Kandace Summer Walls.

Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Allison Hutchcraft has been awarded the Hillary Gravendyk Memorial Scholarship from the Squaw Valley Community of Writers. She will travel to Squaw Valley, CA, this June to attend their 2015 Poetry Workshop Program. Allison also has four poems appearing this month in a special feature of eco-poetry in the Kenyon Review.

Maya Socolovsky’s Troubling Nationhood in U.S. Latina Literature received a very positive review in the most recent issue of Latino Studies.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

May 18 — Classes for the first summer session begin on May 19.

May 19 — Last day to add or drop a class with no grade.

Quirky Quiz Question — In addition to running UNC Charlotte’s summer programs, Ken Burrows also participated in several UNC Charlotte theatrical productions. He played a central role in a production of Shakespeare’s The Tempest. What is the name of this character that Ken brought to life?

Last week’s answer: Nathaniel Hawthorne

The Old Man of the Mountain — My undergraduate degree is from Franconia College, which was a small and now defunct experimental college located in northern New Hampshire. During my college days, I often traveled between Boston and Franconia, and I always went through Franconia Notch on these trips. In my native state of Colorado, we would have called Franconia Notch a canyon, but in New Hampshire they like the term notch. On my many drives through Franconia Notch, I always looked up and marveled at an amazing rock formation known as the Old Man of the Mountain. This famous stoney profile collapsed on May 3, 2003.

This past weekend, I paused to remember the Old Man of the Mountain, which brought up memories of Franconia College. It’s all gone now. The Old Man has been reduced to broken rocks, Franconia College has long since closed, and the buildings where I studied have disappeared without a trace. But my memories persist. I can remember in detail the adventure-filled trips I took to Boston, the hikes I took through New Hampshire’s beautiful White Mountains, and the stimulating courses I took at Franconia College. As we come to the close of another semester, we should be mindful that we are helping shape the memories of our students. Someday they will look back on their college days, and I hope that their memories are as precious to them as my memories are to me. Here’s to you, Old Man of the Mountain.

Community Engagement — When I think about the English Department’s efforts in the area of community engagement, I tend to think of members of the department participating in programs and events sponsored by organizations and institutions in the Charlotte area. However, community engagement also involves bringing people from the Charlotte area to our campus. Last week members of our department sponsored two such examples of community engagement. On April 28, Greg Wickliff hosted ten members of the Charlotte chapter of the Society for Technical Communication at an exhibit of student work related to our courses in technical and professional writing. I attended this event, and I was very impressed with the interactions between our students and these working professionals. On May 2, Lil Brannon hosted a day-long gathering of Charlotte-area teachers that took place in our seminar room. This event was the orientation to the Invitational Summer Institute for the UNC Charlotte Writing Project. While I did not participate in this event, I was in the office while it was taking place, and I sensed the the energy and enthusiasm of the participants.

Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Balaka Basu just returned from NEMLA in Toronto, having co-chaired a panel called Queer/Geek: Theorizing the Convergence of Fandom, Camp, and Other Deviances, for which she co-wrote an introduction called “Eve Sedgwick’s Unicycle.”

Maya Socolovsky recently presented a paper titled “Documenting the Undocumented: The Drama of Epistolary Writing in Julia Alvarez’s Return to Sender” at the U.S. Latina/o Literary Theory and Criticism Conference, which took place in New York City.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

May 9 — The Commencement for the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences will take place May 9, 2015 at 10:00 AM in the Halton Arena: https://exchange.uncc.edu/event/commencement-college-of-liberal-arts-sciences-may-2015/

May 11 — Final grades for the Spring 2015 term must be submitted by Monday, May 11 at noon.

Quirky Quiz Question — I am not the only person who was inspired by the Old Man of the Mountain. A famous America author wrote a story about this rock formation titled “The Great Stone Face.” Who wrote this story?

Last week’s answer: Richard Armitage

Celebrating Shakespeare — No one knows for certain the exact date of William Shakespeare’s birth, but parish records indicate that he was baptized on April 26, 1564. Many historians and biographers believe that he was likely born on April 23. By coincidence, he died on April 23, 1616. Thus, next year will mark the 400th anniversary of his death. In commemorating these important dates, we celebrate not only Shakespeare’s legacy, but we also celebrate the Shakespeare’s unparalleled contribution to literature, theater, and the humanities in general.

The study of Shakespeare’s plays has a long and rich history in our English Department. In the early days of the University, Roy Moose helped build the foundation for Shakespeare studies in the department. In recognition of his excellent teaching, he received the North Carolina National Bank Teaching Award (the forerunner to the Bank of America Teaching Award) in 1969. In subsequent years, a number of other English professors have taught Shakespeare courses, including Ann Carver, John McNair, Esther Richey, and Dennis Kay. Today, our Shakespeare courses are taught by Andrew Hartley, Kirk Melnikoff, and Jen Munroe as well as by Sonya Brockman, one of our excellent part-time faculty members.

In addition to offering courses on Shakespeare’s plays, several of our faculty members organize university and community events related to Shakespeare. For example, Kirk recently took a group of our students to the American Shakespeare Center in Staunton, Virginia, where they saw Hamlet and Much Ado about Nothing. Much of this work is tied to the the Shakespeare in Action (SIA) Initiative, which Andrew, Kirk and Jen founded and run. Next year SIA will sponsor seven events, including a production of Hamlet.

Our faculty also publish books and articles related to Shakespeare’s plays and give presentations on this topic. Here are just a few recent examples. In 2014 Andrew published Hamlet, a Novel (co-authored with David Hewson). Kirk has just received an invitation to serve as the keynote speaker at the University of South Carolina next year at an event focused on the First Folio. Jen just gave a talk last week titled “King Lear and Environmental Justice.” This talk is related to her forthcoming monograph titled Shakespeare and Ecofeminist Theory (co-authored with Rebecca Laroche).

Although Shakespeare died nearly 400 years ago, his work lives on around the world and right here in our English Department. Happy belated birthday, William Shakespeare.Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Jessica Morton, one of our graduate students, recently received Outstanding Graduate Teaching Assistant Award offered by the Graduate School. She has been remarkably active in both EGSA and CLGO. She has a chapter titled “Lover, Son, Brother, Batman: The Homosocial Evolution of (the) Robin(s)” forthcoming in a collection of essays.

Lara Vetter’s edition of H.D.’s By Avon River was reviewed in this week’s Time’s Literary Supplement.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

April 28 — On Tuesday evening, April 28th, at 6:30 pm here in the foyer of Fretwell, we will host an Exhibition of Work for students with interests in Technical/Professional Writing or Language and Digital Technology. Professional writers and editors from the Charlotte Chapter of the Society for Technical Communication will be joining us to talk with students about their work. All students and faculty are welcome. Light refreshments will be provided.

April 29 — The English Department meeting will be on Wednesday, April 29 at 11:00am in Atkins 127.

April 29 — The English Department Student Awards Ceremony will be held on Wednesday, April 29 at 12:30 in the Dale Halton Room of the University Library.

Quirky Quiz Question — The audio version of Andrew Hartley’s Hamlet, a Novel features the voice of a famous actor. Does anybody know the name of this actor?

Last week’s answer: Gaylord Nelson

Earth Day — The 45th celebration of Earth Day will take place on Wednesday, April 22, 2015. In my mind, Earth Day is associated with sustainability, eco-criticism, and nature writing. These topics all relate to the work that takes place in the English Department. I could list many examples, but I will limit

myself to the work of three of our faculty members. This semester, Jen Munroe is teaching two courses that consider issues of “sustainability”–the first a graduate seminar titled “Thinking Green: Ecological Approaches to Texts” and the second a grad/undergrad course on “Shakespeare and Ecofeminism.” In both courses, students wrote a blog post where they considered a current environmental issue with a specific focus on its implications for questions of race, class, and/or gender. Greg Wickliff also teaches courses that relate to environmental issues. Last summer he taught a course in which he had his students write about the natural and historic dimensions of a specific place. Alan Rauch frequently writes about nature and sustainability in his scholarly work. Within the past month he has given two scholarly presentations on the environmental themes in the work of W. H. Hudson, the author of Green Mansions: A Romance of the Tropical Forest (1904). As these examples demonstrate, the English Department honors the values associated with Earth Day all year long.

Kudos— As you know, I like to use my Monday Missives to share news about recent accomplishments by members of our department. Here is the latest news:

Lil Brannon recently learned that the UNC Charlotte Writing Project has been awarded $10,000 of federal funds for the second half of the $20,000 two-year award for the site’s 2014-2016 SEED Teacher Leadership Development Grant.

Alan Rauch recently gave a presentation titled “Terra Rima: W. H. Hudson, Environmentalism, and the Collapse of Nature” at the 10th Annual meeting of the British Society for Literature and Science in Liverpool.

Greg Wickliff recently published an article titled “Draper, Darwin, And The Oxford Evolution Debate Of 1860” in Earth Sciences History. He also presented a paper titled “Toward New Imponderables: John William Draper’s Chemistry and Physics Experiments, 1836 – 1842” at the Southern
History of Science and Technology Conference that recently took place at VCU in Richmond.

Upcoming Events and Deadlines— Here are some dates to keep in mind:

April 21 — Jen Munroe will give a talk titled “King Lear and Environmental Justice” at 4:30 in Fretwell 290B. Her talk is part of the the Shakespeare in Action’s “36 in 6” initiative.

April 24 — Matthew Rascoff (UNC VP of Learning Technology & Innovation) will be driving in from General Administration on Friday, April 24, to give a talk on UNC’s vision for the future of on-line teaching. The talk will be in the seminar room (290B Fretwell) from 2:00-3:30.

April 26 — The English Department Spring Party will take place on Sunday, April 26, from 5:00-8:00 at the home of Pilar and Tom Blitvich.

April 28 — On Tuesday evening, April 28th, at 6:30 pm here in the foyer of Fretwell, we will host an Exhibition of Work for students with interests in Technical/Professional Writing or Language and Digital Technology. Professional writers and editors from the Charlotte Chapter of the Society for Technical Communication will be joining us to talk with students about their work. All students and faculty are welcome. Light refreshments will be provided.

April 29 — The English Department Student Awards Ceremony will be held on Wednesday, April 29 at 12:30 in the Dale Halton Room of the University Library.

Quirky Quiz Question — The celebration of the first Earth Day took place in 1970. Does anybody know the name of the Senator from Wisconsin who is responsible for making Earth Day an annual event?

Last week’s answer: American Literature